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$Sapphire, Ruby & Spinel materials are extremely hard AL2O3 MgO3.5 Al2O3 spinel cubic zirconic ZrO2 CaO Ceramics Optical glass harness compression strength high thermal conductivity high level polish high refractive index melting temperature$

Sapphire Ruby Spinel

Sapphire, Ruby & Spinel materials are extremely hard, AL2O3, MgO3.5, Al2O3, spinel, cubic zirconic, ZrO2, CaO, Ceramics, Optical glass, hardness compression strength, high thermal conductivity, high level polish, high refractive index, melting temperature

Sapphire, Ruby & Spinel

Sapphire and Ruby materials are extremely hard with hardness of 2300 HV and compression strength of 2100 MPa. Basic structure of Sapphire & Ruby comprises of Al₂O₃. These materials have high thermal conductivity of 40W/m*K┴ at 300K. These materials are capable of achieving high level of polish. Sapphire has high refractive index of 1.76 n_D. Melting temperature for both materials is 2050^oC.

Spinel material possesses hardness of 1250 HV. Its basic structure is MgO3.5 Al₂O_3. Spinel has high refractive index of 1.727 n_D and fusion temperature of 2000^oC. Density of Spinel material is 3.61 g/cm3.

Cubic Zirconia

The basic structure of Cubic Zirconia is ZrO₂ + CaO. Cubic Zirconia possesses high refractive index of 2.177 n_D and hardness of 1250 HV. Its fusion temperature is 2700^oC. Density of Cubic Zirconia is 5.65 g/cm³.

Ceramics

There are two types of Ceramic material: Al₂O₃and ZrO₂. Their densities are 3.90 g/cm³ and 6.00 g/cm³ respectively. Hardness of Al₂O₃is 1900 HV and that of ZrO₂is 1200 HV. Fusion temperature of Aluminia ceramic is 1500^oC and Zirconia ceramic is 1000^oC.

Optical Glass

Selection of optical glasses is done on the basis of refractive index and ABBE value of the material, which is the identifying feature for optical glasses.